Aether Meltdown

If a spell or ability with one or more targets states that you "may pay" some amount of energy , and each permanent that it targets has become an illegal target, the spell or ability won't resolve. You can't pay any energy even if you want to.

Energy counters are a kind of counter that a player may have. They're not associated with any specific permanents.

Energy counters aren't mana. They don't go away as steps, phases, and turns end, and effects that add mana "of any type" can't give you energy counters.